Physics Definitions

group PhysicsDefinitions

Fundamental physical data, function, units, constants, etc.

Functions

void setCosmologyParameters(double hubbleParameter, double omegaMatter)

Set the cosmological parameters for a flat universe. To ensure flatness omegaL is set to 1 - omegaMatter

Parameters:

hubbleParameter – dimensionless Hubble parameter, default = 0.673
omegaMatter – matter parameter, default = 0.315

double hubbleRate(double redshift = 0): Hubble rate at given redshift H(z) = H0 * sqrt(omegaM * (1 + z)^3 + omegaL)

double omegaL()

double omegaM()

double H0()

double comovingDistance2Redshift(double distance): Redshift of a comoving object at a given comoving distance to an observer at z = 0. d_comoving(z) = c/H0 * int_0^z dz’ / E(z’)

double redshift2ComovingDistance(double redshift): Comoving distance between an observer at z = 0 and a comoving object at z. d_comoving(z) = c/H0 * int_0^z dz’ / E(z’)

double luminosityDistance2Redshift(double distance): Redshift of a comoving object at a given luminosity distance to an observer at z = 0. d_luminosity(z) = (1 + z) * d_comoving(z)

double redshift2LuminosityDistance(double redshift): Luminosity distance between an observer at z = 0 and a comoving object at z. d_luminosity(z) = (1 + z) * d_comoving(z)

double lightTravelDistance2Redshift(double distance): Redshift of a comoving object at a given light travel distance to an observer at z = 0. d_lighttravel(z) = c/H0 * int_0^z dz’ / ((1 + z’) * E(z’))

double redshift2LightTravelDistance(double redshift): Light travel distance between an observer at z = 0 and a comoving object at z. d_lighttravel(z) = c/H0 * int_0^z dz’ / ((1 + z’) * E(z’))

double comoving2LightTravelDistance(double distance)

double lightTravel2ComovingDistance(double distance)

int nucleusId(int a, int z): This implements the 2012 Monte Carlo nuclear code scheme. Ion numbers are +/- 10LZZZAAAI. AAA is A - total baryon number ZZZ is Z - total charge L is the total number of strange quarks. I is the isomer number, with I=0 corresponding to the ground state.

int chargeNumber(int id)

int massNumber(int id)

bool isNucleus(int id)

std::string convertIdToName(int id)

double nuclearMass(int id)

Get the nucleus mass by lookup from a table. The masses are the atomic masses from the NIST database: http://www.nist.gov/pml/data/comp.cfm minus electron masses, neglecting electron binding energies. Unmeasured atomic masses are taken to be A * amu minus electron masses. The data table is generated by data-tools/NuclearMass/createNuclearMassTable.

Parameters:: id – id of the particle following the PDG numbering scheme
Returns:: The mass of a the nucleus

double nuclearMass(int A, int Z)

Get the nucleus mass by lookup from a table. The masses are the atomic masses from the NIST database: http://www.nist.gov/pml/data/comp.cfm minus electron masses, neglecting electron binding energies. Unmeasured atomic masses are taken to be A * amu minus electron masses. The data table is generated by data-tools/NuclearMass/createNuclearMassTable.

Parameters:

A – atomic mass number of the nucleus
Z – atomic number of the nucleus

Returns:

The mass of a the nucleus

Variables

static const double meter = 1

static const double second = 1

static const double kilogram = 1

static const double ampere = 1

static const double mol = 1

static const double kelvin = 1

static const double newton = 1 * kilogram * meter / second / second 

static const double pascal = 1 * newton / meter / meter 

static const double joule = 1 * newton * meter 

static const double tesla = 1 * newton / ampere / meter 

static const double volt = 1 * kilogram * meter * meter / ampere / second / second / second 

static const double coulomb = 1 * ampere * second 

static const double hertz = 1 / second 

static const double rad = 1

static const double deg = M_PI / 180.

static const double yocto = 1E-24

static const double zepto = 1E-21

static const double atto = 1E-18

static const double femto = 1E-15

static const double pico = 1E-12

static const double nano = 1E-9

static const double micro = 1E-6

static const double milli = 1E-3

static const double kilo = 1E3

static const double mega = 1E6

static const double giga = 1E9

static const double tera = 1E12

static const double peta = 1E15

static const double exa = 1E18

static const double zetta = 1E21

static const double yotta = 1E24

static const double eplus = 1.602176487e-19 * ampere * second 

static const double c_light = 2.99792458e8 * meter / second 

static const double c_squared = c_light * c_light 

static const double amu = 1.660538921e-27 * kilogram 

static const double mass_proton = 1.67262158e-27 * kilogram 

static const double mass_neutron = 1.67492735e-27 * kilogram 

static const double mass_electron = 9.10938291e-31 * kilogram 

static const double h_planck = 6.62606957e-34 * joule * second 

static const double k_boltzmann = 1.3806488e-23 * joule / kelvin 

static const double mu0 = 4 * M_PI * 1e-7 * newton / ampere / ampere 

static const double epsilon0 = 1.0 / mu0 / c_squared * ampere * second / volt / meter 

static const double alpha_finestructure = eplus * eplus / 2. / epsilon0 / h_planck / c_light 

static const double radius_electron = eplus * eplus / 4. / M_PI / epsilon0 / mass_electron / c_squared 

static const double sigma_thomson = 8. * M_PI / 3. * radius_electron * radius_electron 

static const double gauss = 1e-4 * tesla 

static const double microgauss = 1e-6 * gauss 

static const double nanogauss = 1e-9 * gauss 

static const double muG = microgauss 

static const double nG = nanogauss 

static const double erg = 1E-7 * joule 

static const double electronvolt = eplus * volt 

static const double kiloelectronvolt = 1e3 * electronvolt 

static const double megaelectronvolt = 1e6 * electronvolt 

static const double gigaelectronvolt = 1e9 * electronvolt 

static const double teraelectronvolt = 1e12 * electronvolt 

static const double petaelectronvolt = 1e15 * electronvolt 

static const double exaelectronvolt = 1e18 * electronvolt 

static const double eV = electronvolt 

static const double keV = kiloelectronvolt 

static const double MeV = megaelectronvolt 

static const double GeV = gigaelectronvolt 

static const double TeV = teraelectronvolt 

static const double PeV = petaelectronvolt 

static const double EeV = exaelectronvolt 

static const double barn = 1E-28 * meter * meter 

static const double au = 149597870700 * meter 

static const double ly = 365.25 * 24 * 3600 * second * c_light 

static const double parsec = 648000 / M_PI * au 

static const double kiloparsec = 1e3 * parsec 

static const double megaparsec = 1e6 * parsec 

static const double gigaparsec = 1e9 * parsec 

static const double pc = parsec 

static const double kpc = kiloparsec 

static const double Mpc = megaparsec 

static const double Gpc = gigaparsec 

static const double kilometer = 1000 * meter 

static const double centimeter = 0.01 * meter 

static const double km = kilometer 

static const double cm = centimeter 

static const double nanosecond = 1e-9 * second 

static const double microsecond = 1e-6 * second 

static const double millisecond = 1e-3 * second 

static const double minute = 60 * second 

static const double hour = 3600 * second 

static const double ns = nanosecond 

static const double mus = microsecond 

static const double ms = millisecond 

static const double sec = second 

static const double ccm = cm * cm * cm 